Amendments to the Constitution (11-27)
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Amendment XI.
The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or
prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign
State.
The Eleventh Amendment was ratified February 7, 1795
Amendment XII.
The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice President, one of whom, at least,
shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President,
and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as
President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and
certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate; -The
President of the Senate shall, in the Presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes
shall then be counted; The Person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a
majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the
highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose
immediately by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from
each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and
a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. [And if the House of representatives shall not choose a President
whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President
shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President ---]* The person having the
greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of
Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the
Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number shall be necessary to  a choice. But
no person constitutional ineligible to the office of president shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States.  
The Twelfth Amendment was ratified June 15, 1804 *[Superseded by Section 3 of the Twentieth Amendment.]
Amendment XIII.
Section 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall
exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.
Section 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
The Thirteenth Amendment was ratified December 6, 1865
Amendment XIV.
Section 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State
wherein they reside. No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any
State deprive any person of Life, Liberty, or Property, without due process of law; nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the
laws.
Section 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective numbers, counting the whole number of persons in
each State, excluding Indians not taxed. But when the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Vice-President of the United
States, Representatives in Congress, the Executive and Judicial officers of a State, or the members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male
inhabitants of such State, being twenty-one years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion, or
other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number
of male citizens twenty-one years of age in such State.
Section 3. No person shall be a Senator or Representative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice-President, or hold office, civil or military, under the
United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath, as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member
of any State legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in
insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof. But Congress may by a vote of two-thirds of each House,
remove such disability.
Section 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States, authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States nor any State shall assume or pay any debt or
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation so any slave; but all such debts,
obligations and claims shall be held illegal and void.
Section 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article.
The Fourteenth Amendment was ratified July 9, 1868
Amendment XV.
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of
race, color, or previous condition of servitude.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
The Fifteenth Amendment was ratified February 3, 1870
Amendment XVI.
The Congress shall have the power to lay and collect taxes on incomes, from whatever source derived, without apportionment among the several States,
and without regard to any census or enumeration.
The Sixteenth Amendment was ratified February 3, 1913 Ratification Questionable??  And the judges of the U.S. Supreme Court rejected any
claims that the 16th Amendment changed the constitutional limits on direct taxes in Brushaber v. Union Pacific R.R. Co., 240 US 1 (1916)
and many other cases that were heard before the US Supreme Court. In reading this Amendment and using common sense as a basis, do you
truly think that your state would have agreed to sell you out to the Federal Government in 1913? Click here to read an explanation.
Amendment XVII.
The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each State, elected by the People thereof, for six years; and each
Senator shall have one vote. The electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the
State legislatures. When vacancies happen in the representation of any State in the Senate, the executive authority of such State shall issue
writs of election to fill such vacancies: Provided, That the legislature of any State may empower the executive thereof to make temporary
appointments until the People fill the vacancies by election as the legislature may direct. This amendment shall not be so construed as to affect
the election or term of any Senator chosen before it becomes valid as part of the Constitution.
The Seventeenth Amendment was ratified April 8, 1913
Amendment XVIII.
[Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the
jurisdiction thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United State and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage
purposes is hereby prohibited.
Section 2. The Congress and the several States shall have concurrent power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of the
several States, as provided in the Constitution, within seven years from the date of submission hereof to the States by the Congress.]
The Eighteenth Amendment was ratified January 16, 1919. It was repealed by the Twenty-First Amendment, December 5, 1933.
Amendment XIX.
The Right of Citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State on account of sex. Congress shall have power to enforce this
article by appropriate legislation.
The Nineteenth Amendment was ratified August 18, 1920.
Amendment XX.
Section 1. The terms of the President and Vice-President shall end at noon on the 20th day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3d
day of January, and the terms of Senators and Representatives at noon on the 3rd day of January, of the years in which such terms would have ended if this article had
not been ratified; and the terms of their successors shall then begin.
Section 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year, and such meeting shall begin at noon on the 3d day January, unless they shall by law appoint a
different day.
Section 3. If, at the time fixed for beginning of the term of the President, the President elect shall have died, the Vice-President elect shall become President. If a
President shall not have been chosen before the time fixed for the beginning of his term, or if the President elect shall have failed to qualify, then the Vice-President
elect shall act as President until a President shall have qualified; and the Congress may by law provide for the case wherein neither a President elect nor a Vice
President elect shall have qualified, declaring who shall then act as President, or the manner in which one who is to act shall be selected, and such person shall act
accordingly until a President or Vice-President shall have qualified.
Section 4. The Congress may by law provide for the case of the death of any of the persons from whom the House of Representatives may choose a President whenever
the right of choice shall have devolved upon them, and for the case of the death of any persons from whom the Senate may choose a Vice President whenever the right of
choice shall have devolved upon them.
Section 5. Sections 1 and 2 shall take effect on the 15th day of October following the ratification of this article.
Section 6. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several
States within seven years from the date of its submission.
The Twentieth Amendment was ratified January 23, 1933.
Amendment XXI.
Section 1. The eighteenth article of amendment to the Constitution of the United States is hereby Repealed.
Section 2. The transportation or importation into any State, Territory, or possession of the United States for delivery or use therein of intoxicating liquors, in violation of the laws
thereof, is hereby prohibited.
Section 3. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by conventions in the several States, as provided in the Constitution,
within seven years from the date of the submission hereof to the States by Congress.
The Twenty-First Amendment was ratified December 5, 1933.
Amendment XXII.
Section 1. No person shall be elected to the office of President more than twice, and no person who has held the office of President, or acted  as President, for more than
two years of a term to which some other person was elected President shall be elected to the office of the President more than once. But this Article shall not apply to
any person holding the office of President when this Article was proposed by the Congress, and shall not prevent any person who may be holding the office of President,
or acting as President, during the term within which this Article becomes operative from holding the office of President or acting as President during the remainder of
such term.  
Section 2. This article shall be inoperative unless it shall have been ratified as an amendment to the Constitution by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several
States within seven years from the date of its submission to the States by the Congress.
The Twenty-Second Amendment was ratified February 27, 1951.
Amendment XXIII.
Section 1. The District constituting the seat of Government of the United States shall appoint in such manner as the Congress may direct:
A number of electors of President and Vice-President equal to the whole number of Senators and Representatives in Congress to which the District would
be entitled if it were a State, but in no event more than the least populous State; they shall in addition to those appointed by the States, but they shall be
considered, for the purpose of election of President and Vice-President, to be electors appointed by a State; and they shall meet in the District and perform
such duties as provided by the Twelfth article of amendment.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
The Twenty-Third Amendment was ratified March 29, 1961.
Amendment XXIV.
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States to vote in primary or other election for President or Vice-Present, for electors for President or Vice-President, or for
Senator or Representative in Congress, shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or any State by reason of failure to pay any poll tax or other tax.
Section 2. The Congress shall have the power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
The Twenty-Four Amendment was ratified January 23, 1964
Amendment XXV.
Section 1. In case of the removal of the President from office or of his death or resignation, the Vice-President shall become President.
Section 2. Whenever there is a vacancy in the office of the Vice-President, the President shall nominate a Vice-President who shall take office upon confirmation by a majority vote of
Houses of Congress.
Section 3. Whenever the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that he is unable to
discharge the powers and duties of his office, and until he transmits to them a written declaration to the contrary, such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice-President as
acting President.
Section 4. Whenever the Vice-President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive departments or of such body as Congress may by law provide, transmit to the
President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his
office, the Vice-President shall immediately assume the powers and duties of the office as Acting President.
Thereafter, when the President transmits to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives his written declaration that no inability exists, he
shall resume his powers and duties of his office unless the Vice-President and a majority of either the principal officers of the executive department or of such other body as Congress
may by law provide, transmit within four days to the President pro tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives their written declaration that the President
is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office. Thereupon Congress shall decide the issue, assembling within forty-eight hours for that purpose if not in session. If the
Congress within twenty-one days after receipt of the latter written declaration, or, if Congress is not in session, within twenty-one days after Congress is required to assemble,
determines by two-thirds vote of both Houses that the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office, the Vice-President shall continue to discharge the same as
Acting President; otherwise, the President shall resume the powers and duties of his office.
The Twenty-Fifth Amendment was ratified February 10, 1967.
Amendment XXVI.
Section 1. The right of citizens of the United States, who are eighteen years of age or older, to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any State
on account of age.
Section 2. The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.
The Twenty-Sixth Amendment was ratified July 1, 1971.
Amendment XXVII.
No law, varying the compensation for the services of the Senators and Representatives, shall take effect, until an election of Representatives shall have
intervened.
Congress submitted the text of the Twenty-Seventh Amendment to the States as part of the proposed Bill of Rights on September 25, 1789. The Amendment was not ratified together
with the First Ten Amendments, which became effective on December 15, 1791. The Twenty-Seventh Amendment was ratified on May 7, 1992, by vote of Michigan.
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